What are the Layer 2 and Layer 3 addresses that are transmitted from host B to the router when sending a packet to host D?

When evaluating the transmission of a packet from host B to a router destined for another host (host D), it’s essential to understand how addressing works at different layers of the OSI model.

The Layer 2 address, also known as the MAC address, is used for local delivery of frames on the same link. In this scenario, when host B sends a packet to the router, it utilizes the Layer 2 destination address of the router's interface that is connected to the same local network segment as host B. The provided MAC address (00-00-0c-94-36-ab) serves as the Layer 2 destination address and is the correct MAC for the router's interface for this communication.

At the Layer 3 level, addresses pertain to logical addressing that route the packet throughout the network. The Layer 3 source address of host B is specified in this scenario as 172.16.10.200. This is the IP address assigned to host B, which identifies it uniquely within its network.

Both the MAC address (Layer 2) and the IP address (Layer 3) must be included in the packet sent from host B to the router to facilitate proper delivery and routing. The inclusion of both addresses ensures that