What is the primary function of a switch in a network?

The primary function of a switch in a network is to filter and forward packets to devices on the same network. A switch operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and uses MAC addresses to determine where to send incoming data frames. When a data frame arrives at a switch, it reads the destination MAC address and forwards it only to the port that connects to the intended recipient device. This process effectively isolates traffic on the same network, reducing collisions and improving overall network efficiency.

Switches are essential in local area networks (LANs) because they manage the flow of data between devices like computers, printers, and servers, ensuring that information reaches the correct destination quickly and efficiently. Unlike routers, which are used to connect different networks and manage traffic between them, switches focus solely on the data flow within a single network segment. This capability enhances performance and maintains the integrity of network communications.