Which protocol provides dynamic IP address allocation to devices on a network?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is the protocol responsible for the dynamic allocation of IP addresses to devices on a network. When a device, such as a computer or smartphone, connects to a network, DHCP allows it to automatically obtain an IP address and other network configuration information, such as the subnet mask and default gateway, from a DHCP server. This process simplifies IP address management, reduces the potential for address conflicts, and makes it easier to add new devices to the network.

In contrast, protocols like Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) are primarily used for error messaging and network diagnostics, such as pinging hosts. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses within a local network, helping devices find each other but not for dynamic IP address allocation. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is designed for transferring files between client and server over a network and has no role in IP address management.