Why would a Layer 2 switch need an IP address?

A Layer 2 switch requires an IP address primarily to enable remote management. When a switch is configured with an IP address, network administrators can access its management interface, usually through SSH or HTTP/S protocols. This remote access facilitates monitoring, configuring settings, and troubleshooting without needing to be physically present at the switch’s location.

In many network setups, if a switch needs to be managed, especially in larger or more complex environments, having an IP address is essential to facilitate this level of interaction. This capability supports features such as SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), which provides management information for monitoring network devices.

Improving data throughput, enhancing physical security, and serving as a firewall do not directly relate to the IP functionality of a Layer 2 switch. The primary role of a Layer 2 switch is to forward frames within the same local area network based on MAC addresses, not to perform higher-level functions like routing or packet filtering that require an IP address. Thus, the main reason that a Layer 2 switch would need an IP address is for remote management purposes.